Malta lcos storage

What is the levelized cost of Energy Storage (LCOS)?

PSH and CAES are low-cost technologies for short-term energy storage. PtG technologies will be more cost efficient for long-term energy storage. LCOS for battery technologies can reach about 20 €ct/kWh in the future. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the levelized cost of storage (LCOS) for different electricity storage technologies.

Which storage system has the lowest LCoS?

The authors find that PSH have the lowest LCOS of 2.5 €ct/kWh, excluding cost of charged electricity. Adiabatic CAES (aCAES) can operate at 5.3 €ct/kWh and lead-acid batteries as well as H 2 have a cost of 15.9 €ct/kWh. For PSH, lead-acid battery and H 2 storage systems a split of cost is shown.

How modular is the Malta PHES system?

The Malta PHES is highly modular in that the charge power, discharge power and storage duration can be adjusted independently for different use-cases. Siemens developed its Electric Thermal Energy Storage (ETES) system using volcanic rocks for both heat-to-heat storage and heat to electricity via steam generation (Fig. 3).

How much LCoS does a battery storage system have?

Battery storage systems show a wider range of LCOS due to the fact that the CAPEX can vary widely and the LCOS is mostly dependent on this value. Li-ion batteries today have an LCOS between 23 and 37 €ct/kWh at 365 cycles per year. This cost is higher than that of Pb batteries which have an LCOS of 15–19 €ct/kWh.

Why do long-term storage systems have high LCoS?

Long-term storage systems with battery technology have very high LCOS due to the fact that the CAPEX is only dependent on the storage capacity while all other technologies are scalable regarding the relation of power and capacity. A short-term storage (see Fig. 3, Fig. 4) may be operated daily.

Which storage technology has the highest LCoS?

For all technologies the arithmetic average of costs is used. A comparison of the storage technologies shows the inhomogeneous distribution of cost structure: The LCOS of PSH and CAES is dominated by the CAPEX, in which the storage unit has the highest cost share. This explains the high LCOS of these technologies if used as long-term storage.